Social Science and Human Research Bulletin

Climate change has emerged as one of the most pressing global threats to public health in the 21st century. Rising temperatures, extreme weather events, air pollution, and shifting disease vectors are increasingly linked to morbidity and mortality across regions. While the health consequences of climate change are becoming more apparent, the integration of climate-responsive emergency preparedness into national and international health security agendas remains fragmented and insufficient. This article explores the intersection between climate change and global health security through a policy-oriented lens, emphasizing the need for structured emergency preparedness strategies. We present a comprehensive review of recent empirical data from 2020 to 2025, using case studies from both the European Union (France, Germany) and key non-EU countries (Japan, Israel, United States) to illustrate diverse national responses. Our methodology combines qualitative policy analysis with comparative health impact assessment, drawing on datasets from WHO, ECDC, IPCC, and The Lancet Countdown. We identify critical gaps in current frameworks, including underfunded health adaptation plans, unequal global response capabilities, and weak institutional coordination. A conceptual model is proposed to systematically integrate climate-induced health risks into emergency preparedness protocols, aligned with global security principles. The findings underscore the urgency of reshaping public health policies to incorporate proactive, climate-resilient preparedness mechanisms. Based on the comparative case studies and international benchmarks, we offer actionable policy recommendations tailored for multilateral health governance, including WHO, the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA), and the EU’s Health Union. This research contributes an original, interdisciplinary framework for integrating climate-sensitive health crisis response into global security planning, offering a pathway for future resilience.

climate change, global health security, emergency preparedness, health policy, climate resilience, public health crises, adaptation strategies, case study analysis.

1. Andrew Haines, Air Quality and Climate Synergies for Health, New England Journal of Medicine, Boston, 2022.
2. Dana Yehuda, Challenges of Climate Health Preparedness in Israel, Tel Aviv University Press, 2024.
3. Erik Buchwald, Germany’s Dual Approach to Climate and Health Preparedness, RKI Publications, Berlin, 2024.
4. Franziska Gärtner, EU Health Union and Climate Resilience, European Policy Centre, Brussels, 2024.
5. Giulia Conti, Extreme Heat and Public Health in Southern Europe, WHO Europe, Copenhagen, 2024.
6. Hoesung Lee, AR6 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2023, IPCC Secretariat, Geneva, 2023.
7. Kenji Nakamura, Climate Adaptation in Japan’s Health Sector, Ministry of Health Press, Tokyo, 2024.
8. Kenji Nakamura, Climate and Infectious Disease Trends in Japan, Ministry of Health Publications, Tokyo, 2024.
9. Kenji Nakamura, National Climate Health Strategy in Japan, Ministry of Health Publications, Tokyo, 2024.
10. Kristie L. Ebi, Strengthening Health Systems for Climate Resilience, BMJ Global Health, Oxford, 2022.
11. Lea Andrews, Heat and Health in Europe, EEA Publications, Copenhagen, 2023.
12. Linda Ferguson, Community Resilience to Extreme Heat in Urban Areas, Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 2024.
13. Marc Thomassen, Emerging Vector-Borne Diseases in Europe, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, 2025.
14. Margaret Liu, GHSA in the Anthropocene: A Critical Review, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, 2024.
15. Marta Alvarez, Wildfire Smoke and Health Burden in Southern Europe, European Respiratory Society, Madrid, 2023.
16. Neil Watts, The 2024 Report of the Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change, The Lancet Publications, London, 2024.
17. Neil Watts, The 2024 Report of the Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change, The Lancet Publications, London, 2024.
18. Rachel H. Stein, Climate Readiness in American Public Health Systems, CDC Press, Atlanta, 2024.
19. Rachel H. Stein, Vector Risk Modeling under Climate Scenarios, CDC Publications, Atlanta, 2023.
20. Rachel Mehta, Children, Climate, and the Air They Breathe, WHO-UNICEF Joint Report, Geneva, 2024.
21. Sophie Laurent, Public Health Readiness in France: Evolution and Gaps, Ministère de la Santé, Paris, 2024.
22. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Annual Report of the Global Preparedness Monitoring Board, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2021.
23. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Climate and Clean Air: WHO Policy Brief, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2024.
24. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Climate Change and Health: Key Facts, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2024.
25. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Strengthening IHR Core Capacities in a Changing Climate, WHO Press, Geneva, 2023.